Battle of Castiglione 1796 - A Polemos Ruse de Guerre Refight

This month's twin game with the Napoleonic Miniature Wargames Society of Toronto featured the Battle of Castiglione 1796.  This is one of those scenarios which at first glance doesn't make for a brilliant scenario, since Napoleon had arranged the battle so that at French force was due to arrive in the flank of the Austrian force, and the battle itself was mainly to fix Wurmser.  Very sensibly therefore, the flanking force is left out of this scenario but it rather imposes a time limit on the game and victory or defeat can be assessed by how strong a position Wurmser is in by that time.  Of course, that in itself isn't entirely satisfactory - Wurmser wasn't aware he was under a time limit - but probably this won't make too much difference.

As ever, this battle was re-fought using the Polemos Ruse de Guerre ruleset. 

The Forces:

I used the following orders of battle for the game:

Republican French

C-in-C: Napoleon (Decisive)

1st Division (Massena): 4 bases Well-Trained Light Infantry, 9 bases Well-Trained Infantry, 2 bases Trained Cavalry, 1 base Well-Trained 8pdr Foot Artillery

2nd Division (Augereau): 1 base Well-Trained Light Infantry, 7 bases Well-Trained Infantry, 2 bases Well-Trained Cavalry, 2 bases Trained Cavalry, 1 base Well-Trained 8pdr Foot Artillery

3rd Division (Kilmaine): 1 base Well-Trained Infantry, 1 base Well-Trained Cavalry, 3 bases Trained Cavalry, 1 base Well-Trained Foot Artillery*

4th Division (Despinois): 2 bases Well-Trained Infantry

*alternatively, as Horse Artillery

 

These forces are a slightly scaled-down version of Glenn's original forces, but still well within the 'tolerances' of Ruse de Guerre.  One could optionally convert a third of the infantry in the French order of battle into more light infantry, depending upon a - your feelings about the relative numbers and merits of French and Austrian line infantry skirmishers in 1796 and b - whether you think the game will be hurt or harmed by making the French slightly more powerful than they are already.

Austrian

C-in-C: Wurmser (Capable)

1st Division (Davidovich - Capable): 1 base Well-Trained Light Infantry, 3 bases Trained Light Infantry, 1 base Well-Trained Infantry, 11 bases Trained Infantry, 1 base Well-Trained Cavalry

2nd Division (Sebottendorf - Capable): 2 bases Trained Infantry, 5 bases Well-Trained Cavalry

Artillery: 2 bases Trained 12pdr Foot Artillery, 2 bases Trained 6pdr Foot Artillery

I used quite a stripped down terrain set-up, as proposed by the scenario back in Miniature Wargames 101: 

The battle was limited to 16 turns, as this is when the French flanking force is deemed to arrive and Wurmser would be forced to withdraw.

The Set-Up:

French approaching from the bottom: Massena's Division is to the left, Augereau's to the right

Massena's Left.

And his Centre and Right.

Augerau's Divsion and Despinois' small brigade (on the road)

Kilmaine's Division on the right flank.

The Austrian Left, anchored on a hill.

And the Austrian Centre

Sebottendorf's infantry garrison the village and old castle.

The Austrian Right, with Schubirz Jaegers and Grenzers defending the high ground.

Another view

And another

And one last one for luck! The MW scenario really did simplify the terrain...no bad thing!

The Battle:

The battle begins with the Austrian infantry on the road taking casualties from French artillery fire; the initial Austrian artillery response was pretty ineffectual

It soon found its mark amongst Augerau's infantry, however

Massena decided that the weakest point was probably the Austrian right-centre, despite the troops concentrated there.

Another shot

Concluding that a lengthy exchange of fire would probably hurt rather than hinder the French, Napoleon orders Massena to charge the Austrian lines.

With mixed, but generally good, results.  The French Regiment on the left has been pushed back, but some of the Austrian forward battalions have been routed.

The French artillery pounding the Austrian infantry at the base of the hill are cutting swathes through the defenders...

Sensing a weakening in the Austrian line, Napoleon orders Despinois to advance from his reserve position to threaten the road and the Austrian strongpoint

Sensing an opportunity as the French try and reform after their attack - which has been hindered by some heavy Austrian musketry, Wurmser throws in a cavalry brigade...

Massena himself leads a French infantry counter-attack - successfully, as the leading Austrian battalion is routed

And despite their casualties and disorder, the neighbouring French battalions put up a sufficiently convincing line of bayonets to dissuade the Austrian cavalry!  Meanwhile, another successful French bayonet charge has routed more Austrian infantry (centre-right) - the Austrian position has deteriorated quite quickly.

A wider view: the Austrian centre is under huge pressure

After another bloody musketry exchange, more of the Austrian infantry clear off

Although the Austrian artillery continues to cause casualties amongst Augereau's static infantry

Until some excellently-directed counter-battery fire devastates the Austrian heavy artillery

Wurmser - in some desperation - throws in another cavalry charge to try and restore the situation

And leads another one in person!

Kilmaine's Division - which so far has only contributed by the excellence of its artillery's counter-battery work - launches a massed cavalry attack on the flanking Austrian Grenzer battalion from Mitrovsky's brigade.

A closer look.

Seizing the initiative, Massena's infantry catch the Austrians trying to redeploy to deal with the break in the Centre

Which is just as well since the tide of battle may be turning!!! The Austrian cavalry charge is successful, routing the French infantry

Wurmser's own charge has been equally successful! Hundreds of French infantry have been cut down, more or running...

However, another unit of Austrian infantry is put to flight by the road as the French flanking attack plays out...

The Austrian cavalry, although disordered, does well to push the attacking French backwards

The Austrian Grenzers hold off Kilmaine's attack

Meanwhile, the French panic spreads in the centre - thousands of Massena's infantry are in flight!!

A wider shot

However, just as Augereau is ordered to attack to restore the situation, the Austrian infantry starts to pull back, exhausted and demoralized

The battle ends successfully for the French, although in some confusion due to the panic of half of Massena's infantry

Another view of the confused situation in the Centre and Left of the Austrian position - there is a mounting crisis on the Austrian left and along the road, so although the Austrian cavalry have restored the situation the Centre-Right (left) the game is up for Wurmser - Davidovich falling during the last charge didn't help matters either

Final positions

Game Notes:

More good Polemos Ruse de Guerre fun. Mechanically these rules are just so solid and that helps the game rattle along at a very decent clip.  Fortune definitely favoured the French in this one - so much so that I actually swapped out the d10 I was using for the Austrians at one point (!) - I use different coloured dice for each nationality, incidentally, just to help me remember which die roll belonged to which side.  And this kind of worked, since Austrian fortunes were at least even in the second half of the game! By then though the damage had been done.

More interestingly though was where tactics and game mechanics interact in unusual ways.  I try and not to be too much of a "hey-diddle-diddle, straight-up-the-middle" type of tactician but here it seemed to make sense, given the rules: artillery and musketry can be random but deadly; conversely a unit managing the tempo correctly can avoid musketry fire (but not artillery) if it attacks swiftly; and the French have an advantage in quality but an inferiority in number and calibre of artillery and cavalry.  Perhaps I am reading the tactical rules incorrectly, but to me that points to a very aggressive strategy with one's infantry.  The only advantage in terms of using firepower to prepare an attack is the French numerical advantage in light infantry (they are slightly harder to disorder by fire and much harder to quick kill.  So the exact ratio of French skirmishers to opposition will determine how much exchange of fire is optimal for the French player.

I don't suppose I mind any of this very much, but it shows how much apparently small differences can make: the defensive fire routine of Polemos: General de Division and the extra shaken step in that ruleset (the third shaken step breaks a unit in that ruleset, whereas it is only the second in Ruse de Guerre), plus the overall greater importance of firepower in Ruse de Guerre, creates a very, very different tactical picture. Anyway, as I said, all great fun!

I did make another slight change to the Tempo system. As well as sticking with the changes I made last time (i.e. instead of a random d10 roll to determine the number of Tempo Points for bidding, using D6+competence modifier), I also used a competence modifier to change the bid; Napoleon can therefore change his bid upwards by 2 points if that would make a difference to the result; Wurmser was given a value of 1.  So if Napoleon rolls 3 and Wurmser rolls 8 for their bids, nothing happens and those scores remain the same; but if Napoleon rolls 5 and Wurmser 6, their rolls get modified to 7 and 7 respectively.  It worked fine and I will keep it to at least test if further.

Looking forward to the next game! Figures by Baccus 6mm, buildings by Total Battle Miniatures.