Killiecrankie III - A WRG 1685-1845 Battle Report

 The classic WRG 1685-1845 rules are pitched very much at the period of the Jacobite Rebellions, covering all of the battles from Killiecrankie to Culloden.  Some of the battles are much too small for them (say Clifton Moor) but  some of them are of a game-able size.  We briefly discussed Prestonpans in the Comments of a different post: at 2000 troops apiece, that works out as 40-45 or so figures using these rules (they have a figure ratio of 1:50 for infantry, 1:40 for cavalry).  Obviously that isn't going to make for a long game but I guess it might work for a genuine small battle to use as a rules introduction.  Killiecrankie on the other hand is definitely in 'small battle range' with combatants estimated as between 5000 and 7500, with around 2500 of them Jacobites.

The Forces:

The Jacobite Army:

C-in-C: John Graham, Viscount Dundee (Bold)

5 units of 10 Charging Irregular Warrior infantry

1 unit of 5 Irregular Soldier Light Cavalry

The Government Army:

C-in-C: Hugh Mackay (Cautious)

4 units of 10 Trained Regular Line Infantry

4 units of 10 Raw Regular Line Cavalry

2 units of 5 Raw Regular Light Cavalry

1 unit of 1-2 Light Artillery guns, 3 crewmen (each) (n.b. there were 3 guns present, which could be represent by either 1 or 2 guns - in this battle, 1 model is the much more defensible choice).

 

I didn't do much independent research into this game, merely converted the orders of battle I had used in the other refights.  Since it would make a difference in this game, the Government Foot should still have some pikes perhaps, and not all the Highlanders should have muskets.

One point I should make here: visually, my game doesn't 'look' like a WRG 1685-1845 game.  I have a strong visual sense of what such a game should look like, since my first Wargames' Club had two armies (possibly WSS, some kind of lace wars period anyway - it was a long time ago!) in 15mm based for this ruleset and as a junior without an army of my own for this kind of thing for a long time, I ended up using them quite a lot.  And it is a very peculiar look: 12-16 figure battalions and regiments, based in fours.  Anyway, this game looks nothing like that! I was tracking losses and strengths on a bit of paper, with casualty figures indicating losses incurred 'this turn'.

The Set-Up:

A reminder that below the Government position (bottom) is the River Garry, considered impassable for game purposes; otherwise Killiecrankie itself is bottom-right; the Jacobite Army is on the high ground looking down on the road.

A different view for a change, this time from behind Killiecrankie over the Government Right towards the Highlanders on the high ground, ready to charge.

The Battle:

Of course the battle starts with the Jacobites advancing - what else were they going to do!

The left-hand Highlander units start taking casualties from the Government artillery and long-rang musketry.

A view of that from behind the Government forces.

The Government artillery broke down and was abandoned at this point.

The Government Foot on the Left refuse to be intimidated by the advancing Highlanders and cause quite heavy casualties with their musketry

The left-hand unit of Highlanders (centre) also takes heavy casualties from the fire of the Government Foot

The musketry has stopped the right-hand Highlander unit in its tracks (left) but the remainder charge home, inflicting some casualties back with its musketry on the way in

With the exception of that one unit however, Dundee gets his army to charge the Government line

As may be expected, the Highlanders get rather the better of the melee, although not without incurring some loss of their own

One of the Government battalions routs (left), as does one of the cavalry troops (bottom); however, one of the Government Foot battalions has held its own and bested the charging Highlanders (centre-left)

A wider shot: the routed Government cavalry can be seen making full speed towards Killiecrankie (bottom-right), whilst the routed Foot battalion is crossing the road (bottom-left); the routed Highlanders are heading back up the hill (centre), pursued by the victorious Government infantry

Another view of the position on the Government Left

The fighting on the Jacobite Left somehow seems to lack intensity, and few casualties are inflicted or incurred

The remaining Highland unit, having lost its impetus, is now suffering massive casualties...

However, the Government centre is largely open as, with stunning predictability, the second Government cavalry troop follows its fellows in headlong rout towards the streets of Killiecrankie!

A wider shot of the position, the Government Left and Right is largely intact, its Centre largely eliminated.

One of the Scots Brigade' battalions surrenders to the pursuing Highlanders.

However, the Jacobite Left has also now routed; whilst the remaining active Jacobite forces are all in headlong pursuit!

Mackay reforms his forces: turning them about to face the Highlanders who have got into the rear of his position

The same manoeuvre is performed on the other Government flank

The remaining Jacobite regiment from the Right reforms to face its foes, heavily outnumbered

As do their opposite numbers from the Jacobite Left.  The Jacobite cavalry has refused to reform and is now in the middle of Killiecrankie (out of shot, to the right).

The Highlanders start taking further heavy casualties from the renewed Government musketry...

...on both flanks

A volley and bayonet charge by the raw Government Foot on the Right destroy the heavily outnumbered Highlanders

The same medicine is administered on the other flank

The position at the end of the battle: the Jacobite Army has been largely destroyed as a fighting force, with only the remnants of its Foot rallying on the high ground; its cavalry busy plundering the town (bottom-right).

Game Notes: It is years since I have had a game of WRG 1685-1845...and I really enjoyed it!  It was a slightly clunky play experience until I got the hang of it again, but it was basically fine.  Since I play a decent amount of DBA and Armour & Infantry 1925-50, the style at least is familiar.  Unlike in the various magazine rules I have been using for the other recent refights, these rules are pretty comprehensive and I found the relevant bits for various situations quite easily.  The reaction test system is pretty straightforward really and there are usually not very many factors relevant to each test.  Working out some of the finer points of which test takes place when and which reaction takes place when was slightly more work, particularly for melee routs and pursuits, but I think I got there in the end, largely; I noticed myself getting through the turns much faster by the end. The combat mechanics are pretty straightforward too.

On the downside, the rules are a bit heavy and wordy, partly as a result of their comprehensiveness (although Phil Barker's rules tend to be the most concise of the 'comprehensive' school of rules writers) which is necessary for any set of wargame rules which might be used in a competitive game between strangers.  But as I said, I am relatively used to the idiom so I can't say it bothered me, and being 99% sure that the rule would be in there somewhere was always comforting compared to other rules that have to be modified on the fly, or - perhaps worse - rules which may or many not contain the thing you want to know.  Like other rules of its time, the movement rates and the nominal times that turns are supposed to take are not very historical, although this does not normally matter (but it does matter if doing historical refights where reinforcements entered the battle during it).  There are intricacies to be mastered in terms of getting a feel for what things matter for what reaction test, which is the main engine of the game. Rather than impose an 'orders' system on the game, the rules rely on the reaction tests to control player behaviour - they seem to be reasonably effective in that regard.

The rules have an interesting dynamic in that shooting is good for causing casualties (relatively speaking) but casualties from shooting are far less likely to cause an adverse morale reaction. If you like, attrition has a broadly linear effect on opponent's combat effectiveness, shock and casualties through charging can be exponentially more effective.  Neil Thomas uses something very similar in some of his rules, although one level simpler, as his norm.

One thing which did come up was the subject of massacres.  Interestingly, Andy Callan's "Savage Way of War" rules mentions them to, but it is in the context of pursuing Highlanders massacring routing Government troops; in WRG 1685-1845 however it is the Government side which has a possibility of massacring its surrendered opponents.  It is interesting that two different authors would write rules that made different sides most likely to be the perpetrators! Anyway, there were no massacres in this game, thankfully...

I enjoyed revisiting these rules more than I thought I would, much more.  Still impressive I think, after all these years.

Figures by Baccus 6mm, buildings by Leven miniatures and Timecast.
 

Battle of Killiecrankie 1689 - Simple '45 Rules Battle Report

Although Stephen Simpson's 'Simple Rules for the '45' from Miniature Wargames 134 are obviously aimed at the 1745-6 Jacobite rebellion, most rules aimed at the period seem to include all of them within their scope - with the possible exception of DBR, which I think would include the first rebellion within its scope, but not the second or third.  With that in mind, I included Killiecrankie in my latest round of games.  I had played this battle with Andy Callan's 'Savage Way of Fighting' rules and that worked fine as a game, so I wasn't too concerned about this. 

I won't repeat the background stuff from the first Killiecrankie battle, but the order of battle in Simple '45 terms would be as follows:

Jacobite Forces:

5 units of Highlanders

1 unit of Cavalry

 

Government Forces:

 

4 units of Government Foot

4 units of Government Foot (Below Average)

2 units of Cavalry (Below Average)

1 unit of Artillery 

The artillery unit could fire at any unit on the board at any distance; but each turn it had to be rolled for with a result of 1-3 meaning that the artillery becomes unserviceable and is removed from board.

The Set-Up:

Once again, with feeling: the Government Army along the line of the road, facing the ambushing Highlanders on the high ground.

The Battle:

The battle starts with the Government artillery bombarding the Jacobites, doing no damage, then breaking; the Highlands begin their advance down the slope.

A wider view.

The battle begins in earnest in thoroughly predictable fashion: the Government cavalry is routed by a combination of musket, sabre and intimidating battle cries and cat-calls...

The Highlanders' left flank is subjected to the crossing fire of the Government Foot

Meanwhile on the Government Left, the Scots Brigade throws back its right-hand regiment en potence to prevent it being outflanked by the victorious Jacobite cavalry.

A wider shot of the whole situation

The Government Foot's musketry begins to play on the Jacobite cavalry in the centre (centre-right), the Highlanders on the right (left)...

And on the Highlanders on the right (left)...

The Highlanders are undeterred and charge home against the Government Left (left)...whilst the Highlander re-orientate themselves to face the Government Right (centre-right)

The Government Foot is hard-pressed, but still holding...

Which gives time for the Government Foot on the extreme left (left) to wheel and deliver musket fire and a bayonet charge - the Highlanders break (left); the Jacobite cavalry has also suffered too much and also breaks (centre-right)

A wider shot of the battlefield as the Highlanders, despite the destruction of the Government Centre, are under increasing pressure on their flanks

Armed rebellion is never for the faint-hearted however!  The Jacobites on the left put in a renewed charge, routing one of the raw Government battalions (centre)

A wider shot: the Jacobite Right is in deep trouble (left), whilst the Jacobite Left is still confident of victory

And rightly so! Another Government battalion is routed (centre)

And so is the third (bottom-right)! The Highlanders have completely overthrown the Government Right and have cut off the Government Army's escape route to Killiecrankie...but the Jacobite Right  is in danger of being folded up, even though they have routed one of the opposing Government battalions (bottom-centre-left)

And no sooner said, than the last Jacobite regiment on the Left is put to flight (Centre)!

The battle ends - both sides have one wing entirely victorious.

Game Notes: A close run-thing: tactically a draw but with the Government forces having suffered rather heavier losses - however, strategically a disaster for the Jacobites, with the Government Army strong enough to over-match the remaining Jacobite forces; resembling in some ways the result of Sherrifmuir, in fact.

It was good fun as a game too, with the pendulum of defeat and victory swinging both ways until finally reaching an equilibrium in the middle.  Raw Government cavalry again proved utterly worthless except in its defeat exposing the whole Government position; the decision to have the Government Foot as half Experienced, half Raw may again account for the discrepancy with history, since the Experienced Foot generally held on long enough to allow their numbers and musketry to tell on the Highlanders.  Obviously there is no real way of deciding whether all the Government Foot should be classified as 'Raw' for this battle, or if we assume that they just rolled poorly in real life...

The tactical choices are relatively minor (which units to concentrate attacks on, minor choices of manoeuvre) but to a large extent the battle runs itself.  This is actually true of many wargames, although these simple games expose the fact rather more.  I am not really in a position to say if the rules need some differentiation to show tactical differences at the relative scale between the fighting in the 1690s and the 1740s, but there was nothing too obvious that I missed.  So, with the continuing proviso that the player(s) will need to fill in a few gaps in how movement is conducted, and that perhaps there should be rules for an Army break-point instead of being able to fight to the last regiment, I do recommend this set as a very useful 'quick play' game for historical recreations or perhaps a campaign-in-a-day.

Figures by Baccus 6mm, buildings by Leven and Timecast.